Most African Nations Are Recolonized: Any Hope for Second Independence?

When African nations gained independence from colonial powers in the mid-20th century, there was a collective wave of optimism and hope for a brighter, self-determined future. Leaders like Kwame Nkrumah, Obafemi Awolowo, Anthony Enahoro, Julius Nyerere, and Patrice Lumumba were celebrated as symbols of a new era.

However, decades later, many African countries find themselves grappling with a new form of subjugation—one imposed by their own political leaders and exacerbated by global economic structures. This internal colonization has left many questioning whether there is hope for a second independence.

The independence movements across Africa were driven by a desire for self-governance, economic freedom, and social justice. Leaders envisioned nations where resources would be used to uplift their populations, eliminate poverty, and promote development. Independence was supposed to mark the end of exploitation and the beginning of self-determination.

However, the post-independence period has often been characterized by political instability, economic challenges, and social upheavals. The dreams of the independence era have not been fully realized, and many African countries now face a different kind of colonization.

In many African nations, political leaders have become the new colonizers. The democratic systems established to empower citizens have often been co-opted by a political elite intent on maintaining their grip on power. This has led to widespread corruption, nepotism, and a disregard for the rule of law.

Elections, intended to be the mechanism for the people to choose their leaders, are frequently marred by violence, fraud, and voter suppression. Political leaders manipulate electoral processes to secure their positions, undermining democracy and disenfranchising the electorate. This political recolonization has fostered disillusionment and frustration among the populace.

Economic policies in many African countries have further entrenched this new form of colonization. Despite rich natural resources, many African nations struggle with poverty and underdevelopment. The wealth generated from resources like oil, minerals, and agriculture often benefits a small elite while the majority of the population remains impoverished.

Public resources are frequently misappropriated, leading to the neglect of essential infrastructure and services. Basic amenities such as healthcare, education, and clean water are often inadequate, and unemployment rates are high, particularly among the youth. This economic exploitation has created vast inequalities and hindered development.

Global economic structures also play a significant role in perpetuating the new colonization of African nations. Many African countries are heavily indebted to international financial institutions and foreign governments. The conditions attached to loans and aid often impose austerity measures that stifle economic growth and development.

Moreover, multinational corporations exploit Africa’s resources with little benefit to local communities. The extraction of natural resources often leads to environmental degradation and displacement of people, with profits flowing out of the continent. These global economic dynamics exacerbate the challenges faced by African nations and limit their sovereignty.

In response to these challenges, various social movements and civil society organizations have emerged, advocating for good governance, transparency, and accountability. Movements like South Africa’s #FeesMustFall, Nigeria’s #EndSARS, and the Sudanese Revolution demonstrate the growing discontent and desire for change among Africans.

These movements have shown the potential of collective action to drive societal change. They have succeeded in bringing critical issues to the forefront and pressuring governments to respond. However, achieving meaningful political and economic reforms remains a formidable task.

An independent judiciary and a free press are crucial in combating this new form of colonization. The judiciary must uphold the rule of law and hold political leaders accountable. However, in many African countries, the judiciary is often compromised by corruption and political interference.

Similarly, the media plays a vital role in exposing corruption and human rights abuses. A free and vibrant press is essential for democracy, but journalists in Africa frequently face harassment, intimidation, and violence. Strengthening these institutions is critical for advancing democratic governance and protecting citizens’ rights.

The notion of a "second independence" involves a renewed struggle for freedom from internal oppressors and external economic domination. It encompasses reclaiming democratic space, ensuring accountable leadership, and addressing the socio-economic injustices that have plagued the continent. Achieving this second independence necessitates several key steps.

First, electoral reforms are essential to ensure free, fair, and credible elections. This includes combating electoral malpractices and encouraging greater political participation among citizens.

Second, anti-corruption measures must be intensified. This involves prosecuting corrupt officials and creating systems that promote transparency and accountability in governance.

Third, economic policies should focus on inclusive growth and development. Investments in education, healthcare, and infrastructure are crucial for improving living standards and reducing inequality. Additionally, African nations must negotiate fairer trade deals and manage their resources in a way that benefits their populations.

Fourth, strengthening the judiciary and the media is paramount. Judicial reforms are needed to enhance the independence and efficiency of the legal system. Protecting journalists and ensuring press freedom will contribute to a more informed and engaged citizenry.

The international community has a role to play in supporting Africa’s quest for a second independence. This includes providing technical and financial assistance (not loans) for electoral reforms, anti-corruption initiatives, and economic development programs.

International organizations can also help by monitoring elections and advocating for human rights.

Moreover, the international community should hold African leaders accountable through diplomatic pressure and sanctions when necessary. Global partnerships can facilitate the sharing of best practices and lessons learned from other countries that have successfully navigated similar challenges.

The journey towards true independence for African nations is far from complete. While the first independence freed the continent from colonial rule, the fight against internal colonization by political leaders and external economic exploitation continues. The hope for a second independence lies in the collective efforts of African people, supported by robust institutions and the international community.

Achieving this will require courage, determination, and resilience. It will involve confronting entrenched interests and overcoming significant obstacles. However, with sustained advocacy, effective reforms, and a commitment to justice and equity, Africa can move closer to realizing the vision of a truly independent and prosperous continent. The spirit of the original independence movements can serve as a powerful reminder of what is possible when people come together to demand their rights and shape their own destinies.

Ayo Kolawole CEO CitiMEMO